2.7V 0.5F

To prevent short circuits, after use or testing, the supercapacitor must be discharged to a voltage below 0.1 V. In the event of overcharging, reverse charging, combustion, or temperatures exceeding 150°C, the supercapacitor’s venting valve may rupture. Do not crush, damage, or disassemble the supercapacitor; improper handling may cause the aluminum case to become scalding hot or result in burns.

If the supercapacitor overheats or emits an unusual odor, immediately disconnect it from its power source and any connected loads. Allow it to cool down, and avoid direct contact with an overheated supercapacitor; do not bring your hands or face near it. In the event of a leak or rupture of the explosion‑proof vent, please contact us promptly and provide the material safety data sheet.

Leakage Case:

Skin contact: Wash the skin thoroughly with soap and clean water.

Eye contact: Rinse with running water or saline solution, and seek medical attention immediately.

Burns: Rinse immediately with clean water and seek medical attention.

Supercapacitors are not subject to the regulations of the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) or the International Air Transport Association (IATA); their correct international shipping name is “Electronics—Capacitors.”

Do not store supercapacitors in the following environments:

High-temperature/high-humidity environment.

Direct sunlight, dusty environment.

Direct contact with water, salt, oil, or other chemicals.

Direct contact with corrosive substances, acids, alkalis, or toxic gases.

Impact or vibration environment.

When soldering individual supercapacitor cells, heating is required; however, the heating temperature and duration can adversely affect the device’s operational performance. It is recommended to follow the operating guidelines below:

Do not immerse the supercapacitor in molten solder; instead, apply the solder directly to its lead terminals.

Please ensure that the supercapacitor housing does not come into direct contact with the PCB or other components, as excessive temperatures may cause the housing to shrink or crack.

Do not solder supercapacitors directly onto bare circuit boards to prevent short circuits.

Hand soldering:

Do not allow the supercapacitor’s case to come into contact with the soldering iron, as this may cause the case to melt or crack. It is recommended to keep the soldering iron tip temperature below 350°C and limit the soldering time to no more than 4 seconds. Minimize the direct contact time between the soldering iron and the supercapacitor’s lead terminals, as excessive terminal temperatures can adversely affect its operational performance.

Wave soldering:

Preheat the PCB for no more than 60 seconds, ensuring that the solder thickness is at least 0.8 mm and that the preheating temperature remains below 100°C. (The following process applies only to wave soldering of leaded supercapacitors.)

Reflux:

Welding shall be performed using infrared soldering or conveyor‑belt furnace soldering; reflow soldering is prohibited unless the supercapacitor has a specified rated reflow soldering temperature.

The voltage of a single supercapacitor is relatively low (2.7V, 3.0V), which makes it difficult to meet most application requirements. Therefore, it is usually necessary to connect multiple capacitors in series to obtain the required voltage. Due to the certain tolerances in capacitance and internal resistance of individual supercapacitors, when used in series, it is necessary to ensure that the rated voltage of each capacitor is similar, or take measures to prevent the terminal voltage of a single capacitor from exceeding its rated value.

Because supercapacitors store energy without relying on chemical reactions, their charge–discharge rates are consistent. Consequently, they can be charged and discharged at their rated current, with essentially the same practical efficiency. Supercapacitors can be charged using various methods, including constant‑current, constant‑voltage, and constant‑power charging, or by connecting them in parallel with energy‑storage devices. When a supercapacitor is connected in parallel with a battery through a low‑value resistor, it can effectively extend the battery’s service life.

The rated operating temperature range for supercapacitors is −25°C to +65°C and −40°C to +60°C. When the temperature exceeds these ratings, the functional performance and service life of the supercapacitor are severely compromised. The extent of thermal damage is directly proportional to both the degree of deviation from the rated temperature and the duration of exposure. Typical symptoms include a rapid decline in capacitance, an increase in equivalent series resistance (ESR), and electrolyte decomposition that generates gas, ultimately leading to leakage or gas venting.

Typically, for every 10°C increase in ambient temperature, the service life of a supercapacitor is halved. Therefore, it is recommended to operate under low-temperature conditions. At low temperatures, the electrolyte’s viscosity increases and ion mobility decreases, leading to a temporary rise in ESR. Conversely, at elevated temperatures, the increase in ESR can cause irreversible performance degradation of the supercapacitor and may even result in electrolyte decomposition.

Low internal resistance effectively reduces heat generation; the lower the operating temperature of an electronic device, the longer its service life. In most applications, natural air convection is sufficient to provide adequate thermal dissipation. However, in certain extreme environments, a dedicated air-cooling system must be employed to ensure the device achieves its maximum possible lifespan.

R _{The th} This value should be measured at a constant temperature; the R‑value helps determine the operating limits of supercapacitors. It can also be used to calculate the temperature rise during cyclic current operation, as shown in the following equation.

△T=1² * R _{The th} * Inductance _{Direct current}

Where:

R _{The th} = Thermal resistance (°C/W)

I = current

Equivalent Series Resistance _{Direct current} = Equivalent Series Resistance (ohms)

Both the ambient temperature and the temperature rise must not exceed the rated maximum temperature. When a heat‑dissipation cooling method is employed, the product may tolerate a higher operating current or enjoy an extended cycle life.

Unlike lithium batteries, supercapacitors use the same material for both the positive and negative electrodes; therefore, in theory, they do not have a strict distinction between positive and negative terminals. However, for manufacturing‑process and product‑consistency reasons, each supercapacitor is marked with a negative terminal designation. It is recommended to connect the device according to the correct polarity: although reverse charging will not cause severe damage, repeatedly charging in one polarity and then reversing it can significantly reduce the supercapacitor’s service life.

The service life of a supercapacitor is defined by the decline in capacitance and the increase in equivalent series resistance (ESR). The industry‑standard criteria for determining end‑of‑life are a 30% reduction in capacitance and/or a fourfold increase in ESR. Upon reaching the end of its rated life, a supercapacitor does not fail outright; rather, its performance continues to degrade under real‑world operating conditions. When its performance can no longer meet the application’s requirements, it should be scrapped.

The service life of a supercapacitor is primarily determined by its operating voltage and temperature. Exposing a supercapacitor to high‑temperature, high‑voltage conditions can significantly shorten its lifespan; in extreme cases, this may even lead to electrolyte leakage or gas venting, ultimately resulting in product failure due to excessive voltage.